In recent years, these industries have seen substantial advancement and are now demanding more from Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) than what GNSS today can provide. Specifically, they seek improved resilience, accuracy and security as highlighted in recent mandates from U.S. Presidential Executive Orders [2,3]. Perhaps most demanding are the requirements for autonomous systems like SAE Level 4 self-driving cars, suggested by some to require position protection levels at 30 cm with 99.999999% reliability, or one failure in a billion miles driven [4]. Reliable decimeter location unlocks a new generation of applications, enabling humans and machines to interoperate in shared physical spaces.
The question is, how should our PNT infrastructure evolve to support these applications on the horizon?